It turns out that orthopedic surgeons twist the wire in seven ways, each use is different

Even spinal surgery, which is dominated by pedicle nails, once relied on wire. Atlantoaxial fractures and dislocations are now tied with titanium cables.

Symmetric kink

The most commonly used and basic wire binding method. Tie around the bone one or two times, clamp the wire about 2-3cm from the bone surface, gently lift and twist at a constant speed in one direction (generally clockwise), paying attention to the symmetry of the force during each twist. The steel wire is symmetrically twisted, and the bone surface is twisted and fastened by pressure. Leave about 1.5cm, cut at least three torsion points, and bend the stump to fit the bone surface.

If the kink is already pressed against the bone surface and continues to turn, a secondary twist will occur and the wire may break from the base of the kink.

The knot density must reach 2.5 knots /1cm, and at least 3 knots can have sufficient binding force.

Square knot

First tie the first knot of an ordinary square knot with steel wire, and then evenly twist the steel wire to form a symmetrical kink.

If the first knot is not tight, the whole knot will lose its strength.

Punch bend knot

First fold one end of the wire into a small hole and tighten the end. Then put the other end of the wire through the hole, pull tight, bend, wrap the wire one or two times and tuck it in, and use the friction between the wire to fix.

The perforated bending knot is fixed by wire pulling, and unlike the torsion knot, it is not easy to break. Smaller knot, less tissue irritation.

Collet hitch

There is a metal jacket clip, the steel wire ends opposite through the jacket clip, special tools tighten the steel wire and then clamp the jacket clip flat, lock the steel wire. The titanium cable is similar to this locking method.

Hairpin loop kinks

A steel wire is folded into two strands, and the single end of the back steel wire is first passed through the wire loop, tightened, and evenly twisted the tail to form a symmetrical kink. And then bend the kinks.

Double bend and kink

It is similar to the hairpin loop kinking, but the double strands of steel wire are all passed through the loop, pulled tight, and the end twisted and bent.

Different wire binding methods suggest that two wires are definitely stronger than one wire, and the strength is 1+1>2.

For steel wire of the same thickness, the highest strength binding method is the most basic symmetrical torsion, followed by the perforated bending knot. The least strong is the square knot.

These kinking methods can also be used for tension band binding. Perforation bending knot effect is good.